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// Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// https://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

//! Xorshift generators

use core::num::Wrapping as w;
use core::{fmt, slice};
use {Rng, SeedableRng, Error};
use {impls, le};

/// An Xorshift[1] random number
/// generator.
///
/// The Xorshift algorithm is not suitable for cryptographic purposes
/// but is very fast. If you do not know for sure that it fits your
/// requirements, use a more secure one such as `IsaacRng` or `OsRng`.
///
/// [1]: Marsaglia, George (July 2003). ["Xorshift
/// RNGs"](https://www.jstatsoft.org/v08/i14/paper). *Journal of
/// Statistical Software*. Vol. 8 (Issue 14).
#[derive(Clone)]
#[cfg_attr(feature="serde-1", derive(Serialize,Deserialize))]
pub struct XorShiftRng {
    x: w<u32>,
    y: w<u32>,
    z: w<u32>,
    w: w<u32>,
}

// Custom Debug implementation that does not expose the internal state
impl fmt::Debug for XorShiftRng {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "XorShiftRng {{}}")
    }
}

impl XorShiftRng {
    /// Creates a new XorShiftRng instance which is not seeded.
    ///
    /// The initial values of this RNG are constants, so all generators created
    /// by this function will yield the same stream of random numbers. It is
    /// highly recommended that this is created through `SeedableRng` instead of
    /// this function
    pub fn new_unseeded() -> XorShiftRng {
        XorShiftRng {
            x: w(0x193a6754),
            y: w(0xa8a7d469),
            z: w(0x97830e05),
            w: w(0x113ba7bb),
        }
    }
}

impl Rng for XorShiftRng {
    #[inline]
    fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
        let x = self.x;
        let t = x ^ (x << 11);
        self.x = self.y;
        self.y = self.z;
        self.z = self.w;
        let w_ = self.w;
        self.w = w_ ^ (w_ >> 19) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8));
        self.w.0
    }

    fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
        impls::next_u64_via_u32(self)
    }

    fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
        impls::fill_bytes_via_u32(self, dest)
    }
}

impl SeedableRng for XorShiftRng {
    type Seed = [u8; 16];

    fn from_seed(seed: Self::Seed) -> Self {
        let mut seed_u32 = [0u32; 4];
        le::read_u32_into(&seed, &mut seed_u32);

        // Xorshift cannot be seeded with 0 and we cannot return an Error, but
        // also do not wish to panic (because a random seed can legitimately be
        // 0); our only option is therefore to use a preset value.
        if seed_u32.iter().all(|&x| x == 0) {
            seed_u32 = [0xBAD_5EED, 0xBAD_5EED, 0xBAD_5EED, 0xBAD_5EED];
        }

        XorShiftRng {
            x: w(seed_u32[0]),
            y: w(seed_u32[1]),
            z: w(seed_u32[2]),
            w: w(seed_u32[3]),
        }
    }

    fn from_rng<R: Rng>(mut rng: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut seed_u32 = [0u32; 4];
        loop {
            unsafe {
                let ptr = seed_u32.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8;

                let slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(ptr, 4 * 4);
                rng.try_fill_bytes(slice)?;
            }
            if !seed_u32.iter().all(|&x| x == 0) { break; }
        }

        Ok(XorShiftRng {
            x: w(seed_u32[0]),
            y: w(seed_u32[1]),
            z: w(seed_u32[2]),
            w: w(seed_u32[3]),
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #[cfg(feature="serde-1")]
    use {Rng, SeedableRng};

    #[cfg(feature="serde-1")]
    #[test]
    fn test_serde() {
        use super::XorShiftRng;
        use thread_rng;
        use bincode;
        use std::io::{BufWriter, BufReader};

        let seed: [u32; 4] = thread_rng().gen();
        let mut rng: XorShiftRng = SeedableRng::from_seed(seed);

        let buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
        let mut buf = BufWriter::new(buf);
        bincode::serialize_into(&mut buf, &rng, bincode::Infinite).expect("Could not serialize");

        let buf = buf.into_inner().unwrap();
        let mut read = BufReader::new(&buf[..]);
        let mut deserialized: XorShiftRng = bincode::deserialize_from(&mut read, bincode::Infinite).expect("Could not deserialize");

        assert_eq!(rng.x, deserialized.x);
        assert_eq!(rng.y, deserialized.y);
        assert_eq!(rng.z, deserialized.z);
        assert_eq!(rng.w, deserialized.w);

        for _ in 0..16 {
            assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), deserialized.next_u64());
        }
    }
}